tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-78925155957355054502024-03-21T21:55:44.608-07:00American Lit 201Elizabeth Princehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16060318034944121797noreply@blogger.comBlogger11125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7892515595735505450.post-33729028466673920132012-04-16T01:42:00.002-07:002012-04-22T13:25:21.152-07:00English Lit 201 Project [Elizabeth Prince]<br />
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"The Black Cat", one of Poe's most famous works, is one of the most controversial pieces that he's ever written. Poe explored many inappropriate topics and this story was no exception. "The Black Cat" included the very upsetting topics of murder and animal abuse. "The Black Cat" has lived on and is still one of the greatest stories in Gothic literature today. Poe has been described as a poetic genius and many poets in today's times can still not even compare to his amazing work. But how was it possible for him to be THAT good at poetry? <br />
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The only way to truly understand one's works is to partially understand the individual themselves. Poe was a Boston, Massachusetts local and was born in the year of 1809. This would have been an amazing time in history because it would have been after the American Revolution and before the Civil War. Poe believed he was born to be a writer and that the gift had been passed down to him from his mother, Elizabeth, during birth. She died when he was still a toddler, three years old, and Poe was said to try to find an ideal woman to replace his memory of her. His father abandoned him soon after and young Poe was taken into foster care. Poe then moved to England and progressed in writing. At eighteen, Poe enlisted in the army and spent two years in this field. In 1842, Edgar, who was now married, found that his wife had busted a blood vessel and her health began to fade. She then died soon later and he engaged again to Sarah Whitman. However, the engagement was called off. Because Poe saw much death in his forty years, his poetry mostly reflected death (Minor). Even though Poe did have a hard life, at the University of Virginia at Charlottesville he was well-liked. He studied many languages and was very good at sports and gymnastics (Benfey). It has been concluded that Poe liked to disguise himself as the narrator. Poe was found lying outside of a pub in Baltimore on the sidewalk. He was admitted to the hospital and died three days later. Though Poe's cause of death is unknown, it is rumored that rabies and alcohol poisoning were very possible factors. Like in the story, Poe would got bitten by an animal to receive this awful disease. It was known that Poe was a huge cat lover and could be concluded that one of his pets bit him (Shea). <br />
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<a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Blackcat-Lilith.jpg/225px-Blackcat-Lilith.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Blackcat-Lilith.jpg/225px-Blackcat-Lilith.jpg" /></a><a href="http://www.photocase.com/stock-photos/240684-stock-photo-woman-human-being-love-animal-feminine-cat.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="http://www.photocase.com/stock-photos/240684-stock-photo-woman-human-being-love-animal-feminine-cat.jpg" width="200" /></a>While there are no apparent different races or ethnicities in Edgar Allan Poe’s “The Black Cat”, there is a relationship between man and animal.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the beginning, the narrator is described as “a sensitive child, alienated from others by virtue of his sensitivity, who turned to animals for companionship.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This is referred to as a “ peculiarity of character” and hints that there was something odd about his feelings toward animals (Matheson 6).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> I</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">n the story, he mentions his fondness for animals and the fact that he had several pets, including birds, goldfish, rabbits, a dog, a monkey and the infamous cat.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The relationship early in the story between the narrator and his cat is one of mutual love.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He says that the cat, Pluto, was his favorite pet and playmate and that the cat followed him everywhere he went.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As the story progresses, the narrator’s feelings toward the cat, as well as his other pets, begins to change and he treats him poorly when he is drunk.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>One particular night, he returns home and feels as though he has been slighted by Pluto.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He snatches him up and Pluto bites his hand.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The narrator becomes so enraged that he cuts out one of Pluto’s eyes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The relationship between the man and his cat is forever changed and now Pluto despises him. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The narrator ends up hanging Pluto from a tree to rid himself of the evil he feels toward the cat. (Poe) The narrator and his wife's love for animals can also indicate both had a mental disorder. Though love for animals is common, the narrator feels for the animals in almost a "perverse manner". The narrator seems to have suffered a traumatic experience in his childhood years and now faces being socially awkward and permanently scarred. It can be inferred that his father beat his mother, since it has been said that children often will act like their parents. Some of these actions may have also been the result of a mechanism of defense. If the narrator had been abused himself, then he would feel as if he needed to stick up for himself when he was in trouble later. This could also explain the love that the narrator feels for the animals. He is trying to find love that he has never been able to feel during his childhood. The narrator, just like in many of Poe's story, is unreliable. There are many gaps in the story and many events that take place that have no time frame. The reader cannot tell if these events are scattered or are happening very close together. The narrator also feels as if he is being possessed by the spirit of the black cat during most of these events. This indicates that the narrator is not mentally sane enough to tell a story precisely and accurately (Poe's <span rwthpgen="1">"The</span> Black Cat<span rwthpgen="1">" as Psycho biography:</span> <span rwthpgen="1">Some Reflections on the Narratological Dynamics)</span>. </span><br />
<a href="http://www.unitedhealthdirectory.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/alcohol-abuse.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="210" src="http://www.unitedhealthdirectory.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/alcohol-abuse.jpg" width="320" /></a><a href="http://images.clipartof.com/small/34089-Clipart-Illustration-Of-An-Evil-Black-Cat-Arching-Its-Back-Twitching-Its-Tail-And-Hissing.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://images.clipartof.com/small/34089-Clipart-Illustration-Of-An-Evil-Black-Cat-Arching-Its-Back-Twitching-Its-Tail-And-Hissing.jpg" width="278" /></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">In the story, “The Black Cat,” we are introduced to the narrator and his wife.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They share similar personalities and a mutual love for animals.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They seem to have a very happy life in the beginning, until the narrator begins to suffer the effects of his alcoholism and tendency toward evil.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As he grows “more moody, more irritable, more regardless of the feelings of others,” he begins to verbally abuse and, later, physically abuse his wife (Poe). Poe, in an essay, is described by taking a new form. This form is one of pure evil. His mind becomes infatuated with feeling the love he once felt from his first cat, and with the pleasure of having a companion (Ki)</span><br />
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<a href="http://scienceprogressaction.org/intersection/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/alcohol.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="177" src="http://scienceprogressaction.org/intersection/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/alcohol.jpg" width="200" /></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">On the surface, this story seems to focus more on the male gender, but upon deeper examination, it seems that the narrator is more aligned with the feminine gender.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His feminine traits are apparent in his sensitivity and his maternal relationship with his pets.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By becoming aggressive, the narrator is performing “a kind of hyper masculinity that manifests itself in increasingly horrific acts of violence” (Bliss 96).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Although the narrator is married, which establishes his masculinity, he seems to have failed as a husband, who is supposed to be the provider for the family.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His obvious unemployment gives light to the fact that he fails in the role.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The married male is also expected to be a father.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The narrator and his wife are childless and have only pets to show as a result of their relationship.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The fact that the man is both childless and jobless indicates his “inability to meet biologically and culturally determined gender expectations” (Bliss 97).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>After each act of violence, the narrator speaks of “Man,” as if he wants to reinforce the fact that he is male. This was a common feeling during the time that Poe was writing. The two personalities that the narrator possesses could indicate to being bipolar, which would often lead to anger problems ( (Poe's <span rwthpgen="1">"The</span> Black Cat<span rwthpgen="1">" as Psycho biography:</span> <span rwthpgen="1">Some Reflections on the Narratological Dynamics).</span> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">When the next cat begins to irritate the narrator, he “resorts to more violence in order to reassert his threatened masculine power”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This violence ends with the murder of the narrator’s wife (Bliss 98).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This act temporarily erases all trace of his feminine traits.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When the police come to search his residence, he tries to act very manly and, in doing so, disturbs the cat who he unintentionally buried with his wife.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the end, he is “left weak, faint-hearted, and emasculated” (Bliss 98) After murdering his wife, the narrator seems to feel no remorse. He mentions feeling more guilty over the cat's death than he does murdering his own wife. The narrator almost seems to appear that he never realizes what exactly he's done. He remains calm and content about her murder, while being in a cautious state of paranoia about murdering the animal. Throughout the story, it is almost as Poe makes murder and domestic abuse to humans okay. He does not describe in detail the awful topics that he should focus on, but concentrates more on the events that are not as awful. (Poe's <span rwthpgen="1">"The</span> Black Cat<span rwthpgen="1">" as Psycho biography:</span> <span rwthpgen="1">Some Reflections on the Narratological Dynamics)</span></span></span></div>
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<a href="http://blog.crchealth.com/files/2012/02/blog-ar-punch-flickr-greencolander-600x369.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="122" src="http://blog.crchealth.com/files/2012/02/blog-ar-punch-flickr-greencolander-600x369.jpg" width="200" /></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The only hint of class status in “ The Black Cat” occurs when the narrator tells about his wife going with him “into the cellar of the old building which our poverty compelled us to inhabit.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He does not speak of why they are impoverished, but the reader is left to assume that it could be because of the fire, which destroyed their previous home or maybe the fact that he spends his money at the bars, because of his alcoholism.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span> </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The question of why Poe chose a narrator who was an alcoholic may be answered by looking at his personal experiences with liquor.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Although not a heavy or even a frequent drinker, there can be little doubt that drinking was behind many of the misfortunes and setbacks Poe suffered throughout his life” (Matheson 1).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Poe was dismissed from several jobs, lost out on a potential political position, and suffered a broken engagement due to his inability to handle his liquor. Even today, heavy drinking is strongly supported in society. In a recent study, it was proven that teenagers and adults are not truly aware of how much they are drinking. It condluded that the more someone is social, will drink more in his or her lifetime. It also states this is the same case with how many friends an individual has. As every one is surely aware, large amount of alchohol consumption can lead to behavioral changes. For some people, drinking can lead to anger. It can also lead to situations being handled differently then they would have been when the person was sober (Pape). </span></div>
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T<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">here is also the fact that alcohol-related literature was very popular in the 1830s. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Over 12 percent of the novels published in America in the 1830s dealt with temperance” (Matheson 1).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Though past generations had treated alcoholics with disdain, a new attitude had been forming and people began to feel as though any evil done by a drunkard was due to the alcohol and not any evil within the drunkard.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Poe obviously disagreed with this philosophy as he includes sufficient inconsistencies in the narration to allow his readers to see through the excuse that the alcohol made him do it and show that in reality he was “a cold-blooded and sadistic killer who in the last analysis is guilty as charged” (Matheson 5).</span></div>
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Sources<br />
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Ki, Magdalen Wing-Chi. "Diabolical Evil and “The Black Cat”." <i>Biography Reference Bank (H.W. Wilson)</i>. Print.<br />
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt;">Bliss, NN. V. <i>Household Horror: Domestic Masculinity in Poe’s THE BLACK CAT</i>. University of California, Merced: Heldref Publications, 2009. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt;">Matheson, T.J. "Poe's 'The Black Cat' as a Critique of Temperance Literature ." <i>Nineteenth-Century Literature Criticism. Vol. 196. Detroit: Gale. From Literature Resource Center</i>. (2008): n. page. Print. <a href="http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CH1420082545&v=2.1&u=avlr&it=r&p=LitRG&sw=w">http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CH1420082545&v=2.1&u=avlr&it=r&p=LitRG&sw=w</a><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt;">Minor, Mark. <i>Biography of Edgar Allen Poe</i>. Critical Survey of Poetry, 2nd Revised. Pasadena, CA: 2003. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p>Benfey, Christopher. "Edgar A. Poe: Mournful and Never-ending Remembrance." The New Republic <span class="Object" id="OBJ_PREFIX_DWT78_com_zimbra_date"><span class="Object" id="OBJ_PREFIX_DWT80_com_zimbra_date">24 Feb. 1992</span></span>: 38+. General OneFile. Web. <span class="Object" id="OBJ_PREFIX_DWT79_com_zimbra_date"><span class="Object" id="OBJ_PREFIX_DWT81_com_zimbra_date">16 Apr. 2012</span></span>.< <span class="Object" id="OBJ_PREFIX_DWT82_com_zimbra_url"><a href="http://go.galegroup.com.lib-proxy.jsu.edu/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA11874722&v=2.1&u=jack26672&it=r&p=GPS&sw=w" target="_blank">http://go.galegroup.com.lib-proxy.jsu.edu/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA11874722&v=2.1&u=jack26672&it=r&p=GPS&sw=w</a>></span></o:p></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt;">Shea, Christopher. <i>Rabies, not alcoholism, may have killed Poe</i>. Chronicle of Higher Education. 43. Washington: 1996. Web. <http://search.proquest.com.lib-proxy.jsu.edu/docview/214733309?accountid=11662</span></o:p></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt;"><i>Poe's "The Black Cat" as Psychobiography: Some Reflections on the Narratological Dynamics</i>. Studies in Short Fiction . 2. 1998. 153-167. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt;"> <<span rwthpgen="1"><a href="http://web.ebscohost.com.lib-proxy.jsu.edu/ehost/detail?vid=11&hid=112&sid=fdc4aada-23e2-4d80-8ca5-9ad365631b40%40sessionmgr114&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=brb&AN=509705735">http://web.ebscohost.com.lib-proxy.jsu.edu/ehost/detail?vid=11&hid=112&sid=fdc4aada-23e2-4d80-8ca5-9ad365631b40%40sessionmgr114&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=brb&AN=509705735</a>></span></span><br />
<o:p></o:p><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt;">Pape, Hilde. <i>Young people's overestimation of peer substance use: an exaggerated phenomenon?</i>. Society for the Study of Addiction. 107. 2012. 878–884. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<a href="http://blog.crchealth.com/files/2012/02/blog-ar-punch-flickr-greencolander-600x369.jpg">http://blog.crchealth.com/files/2012/02/blog-ar-punch-flickr-greencolander-600x369.jpg</a></div>
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<a href="http://www.unitedhealthdirectory.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/alcohol-abuse.jpg">http://www.unitedhealthdirectory.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/alcohol-abuse.jpg</a></div>Elizabeth Princehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16060318034944121797noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7892515595735505450.post-78265494241536020732012-04-04T07:21:00.000-07:002012-04-04T07:28:00.654-07:00How sexual are Whitman's poems?<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Walt Whitman is a very
well-known poet in American Society.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> <strong>He is said to be the father of free-verse, even though he did not create it (4).</strong> </span>He
is well-known for writing many poems that are related to different issues.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> One</span> of these issues that he wrote about was death, “O Captain!
My Captain”. Another issue he wrote about was singing, “I Hear America Singing”. His poems really seem to
liven up the senses and make you feel as if you can taste what is going on in
his poetry.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>What a few may not know,
however, is that Whitman’s poetry is very controversial in past society and in
present society.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Included in these
topics is the topic of homosexuality, the infatuation with same-sex relationships. <strong>He was indeed the first poet to publicly touch the theme (2)</strong>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is still debatable if the poems about
these topics should even be read even. However, they most certainly are read today.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">It has been argued many times that Whitman was bisexual
or a homosexual.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was rumored to have
a <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">relationship with a man named Peter
Doyle</b>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Doyle was a bus driver and the two men were inseparable for years</b>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Doyle once made a claimed that he still had”<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">the kiss of Walt Whitman still on his
lips," (4)</b> which made the rumor appear to be true. Whitman also wrote
of <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">many men that he had “slept with” in
his notebooks (7)</b>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>From some of his
poems, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">it seemed that Whitman envisioned
a world where same-sex was allowed</b> (1).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Something that Whitman is most famous for writing is a
book of poems entitled “Leaves of Grass”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">He spent his whole life reediting
the book</b>, never finding it completely perfect.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">This
book was soon appraised by Emerson</b>, which helped gain him publicity.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Whitman gave the two relationships in the
book the names, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">“amativeness" for
man-woman love and "adhesiveness" for "manly love"</b>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In this book he taught that <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">the body is beautiful, and that sex is
beautiful (3)</b>. However though this book received praise from a few authors,
it was <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">very disliked</b> all
around.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>People called the book "<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">trashy, profane & obscene</b>” due to
the sexual theme (4). <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In this book,
Whitman defined <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">sex as an “essential spiritual
experience” (3)</b>. Many of these poems held the same sexual ideas, such as in
“A Woman Waits for Me”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The word <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">“sex”</b> is counted in this poem numerous
times (8). <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>One poem<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">, “We Two Boys”, describes the two same-sexed figures to be holding
hands and cuddling (5)</b>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In “Calamus”,
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Whitman uses the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">calamus acornus</i> plant to symbolize gay love </b>(7). A few more
poems, unfortunately, even go into more detail expressing what some would even
call “pornographic literature”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"></span>During
the Civil War times, homosexuality was considered a “vile disease”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>From my knowledge, I know that many
homosexual men were locked up in insanity areas or even sometimes killed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However, he was unashamed of this fact, and
stated that this “germ” lived in every breast” in the human body (6).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Today, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">homosexuality
has begun to become more accepted in society </b>(2).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This may be credited to Whitman’s works.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It has come a long way from Civil War times.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Sources</div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">(1) </span><a href="http://micklestreet.rutgers.edu/archives/issue%2011/ESSAYS/mstreet%2011%20-%20ESSAYS%20-%20Simpson%20-%20STRATEGIES%20OF%20SEX%20IN%20WHITMAN'S%20POETRY.pdf"><span style="color: blue; font-family: Calibri;">http://micklestreet.rutgers.edu/archives/issue%2011/ESSAYS/mstreet%2011%20-%20ESSAYS%20-%20Simpson%20-%20STRATEGIES%20OF%20SEX%20IN%20WHITMAN'S%20POETRY.pdf</span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;"> (2) </span><a href="http://www.whitman2005.narod.ru/4.html"><span style="color: blue; font-family: Calibri;">http://www.whitman2005.narod.ru/4.html</span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;"> (3) <a href="http://whitmanarchive.org/criticism/current/encyclopedia/entry_49.html">http://whitmanarchive.org/criticism/current/encyclopedia/entry_49.html</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">(4) </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walt_Whitman#Sexuality"><span style="color: blue; font-family: Calibri;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walt_Whitman#Sexuality</span></a><u><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"> </span></span></span></u></div>
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<span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"></span><o:p><span style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><span style="color: black;">(5)</span><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4JNWADyTZDg&feature=results_video&playnext=1&list=PL992A7B88D0312315"><span style="color: blue;">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4JNWADyTZDg&feature=results_video&playnext=1&list=PL992A7B88D0312315</span></a><o:p></o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"></span></span><br />
<span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"></span></span><br />
<span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><span style="color: black;">(6) </span><a href="http://gaybookreviews.info/review/3503/841"><span style="color: blue;">http://gaybookreviews.info/review/3503/841</span></a><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><span style="color: black;"> (7) </span><a href="http://rictornorton.co.uk/whitman.htm"><span style="color: blue;">http://rictornorton.co.uk/whitman.htm</span></a><span class="MsoHyperlink"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><span style="color: black;">(8) <a href="http://www.bartleby.com/142/20.html">http://www.bartleby.com/142/20.html</a></span></div>
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<span style="color: black;"> Pictures</span></div>
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<span style="color: black;">(1) </span><span style="color: blue;"><a href="http://farm3.staticflickr.com/2578/4176721225_3de14b6274.jpg">http://farm3.staticflickr.com/2578/4176721225_3de14b6274.jpg</a></span><a href="http://farm3.staticflickr.com/2578/4176721225_3de14b6274.jpg"></a></div>
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<span style="color: black;">(2) </span><span style="color: blue;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYEQ0D5ThZ-XdActldRoJTIuriEHSSKOWJDNtb-2lgiCY7fVUAiDze4s1_jIlRJPtRWdrbyUFAE6KM8Tq0afCowolP9geY6hAWvKDXq7okzUAWlJAm6uYv0H5glerx0YzGJ46q7Ov-JC7w/s400/0194545001234348430-duas-imaxe-empregadas-polo-bloco-de-esquerda-na-sua-campana-pola-legalizacion-do-casamento-homosexual.jpg">https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYEQ0D5ThZ-XdActldRoJTIuriEHSSKOWJDNtb-2lgiCY7fVUAiDze4s1_jIlRJPtRWdrbyUFAE6KM8Tq0afCowolP9geY6hAWvKDXq7okzUAWlJAm6uYv0H5glerx0YzGJ46q7Ov-JC7w/s400/0194545001234348430-duas-imaxe-empregadas-polo-bloco-de-esquerda-na-sua-campana-pola-legalizacion-do-casamento-homosexual.jpg</a></span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYEQ0D5ThZ-XdActldRoJTIuriEHSSKOWJDNtb-2lgiCY7fVUAiDze4s1_jIlRJPtRWdrbyUFAE6KM8Tq0afCowolP9geY6hAWvKDXq7okzUAWlJAm6uYv0H5glerx0YzGJ46q7Ov-JC7w/s400/0194545001234348430-duas-imaxe-empregadas-polo-bloco-de-esquerda-na-sua-campana-pola-legalizacion-do-casamento-homosexual.jpg"><span style="color: black;"></span></a></div>
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<span style="color: black;">(3) </span><a href="http://www.outfrontcolorado.com/img/current/WhitmanandDoyle.jpg"><span style="color: blue;">http://www.outfrontcolorado.com/img/current/WhitmanandDoyle.jpg</span></a><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><span style="color: black;">(4) http://mrpi.utsa.edu/images/images2/Image84.gif<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</div>Elizabeth Princehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16060318034944121797noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7892515595735505450.post-91933959509569914452012-03-13T21:37:00.000-07:002012-03-14T07:44:30.788-07:00How common are intra-familial relationships and how harmful are they?<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"></span><strong><span style="font-size: x-large;">How common are intra-familial relationships and how harmful are they?</span></strong></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><strong><span style="font-size: large;">Introduction<o:p></o:p></span></strong></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Being from the south, we hear
many offensive jokes about “incest”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Today it has appeared to be very socially unacceptable, and is illegal
in most states.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However, though parental
incest has been illegalized (as it should be) there have been <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">few states that still allow cousins to be
married (7)</b>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When reading of Edgar
Allen Poe’s life, I learned that he did just that.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">His
wife, thirteen year old Virginia Clemm at the time of their marriage, and Edgar
were first cousins.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Her early death,
dying at only 25, has been rumored to even inspire some of his stories
(1).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></b>Though Poe is a primary example
of marrying within the family, he is not the only one known to do so.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Other famous examples as <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Jessie James and his first-cousin wife, Franklin D. Roosevelt and his
wife Eleanor, Thomas Jefferson and his third cousin, Albert Einstein and his
second cousin, and Jerry Lee Lewis and his cousin Myra (7)</b>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Incest has also been <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">popular in important movies, such as when Oedipus sleeps with his
mother unknowingly (3)</b>. It is true that marrying inside the family was much
more acceptable before and in the Victorian ages.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://muirmiddle.enschool.org/album/users/54687/57058/82028.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://muirmiddle.enschool.org/album/users/54687/57058/82028.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Poe and his wife</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: large;"><strong>Just how common is this</strong>?<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>It
has been recorded <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">that incest occurs in
30 percent of people across the world</b>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>However, these are only cases that have admitted and some cases are kept
in the dark.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was reported <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">that males were more likely to express
being victims of this than girls (5)</b>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>If we include marriage between first cousins, then <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">incest is very common</b>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I
found on one website, that “<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">half the US
states will marry first cousins</b>”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Whether first cousins or not, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">it
has been found that we at least know one person</b> who has been part of incest
whether we know it or not.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>During the
last two centuries, it has been shown that <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">sexual
child abuse happened more than we’d expect.</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Many sleeping arrangements <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">placed
children in the beds with parents and sometimes had a negative impact</b> (4).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Dreams
consisting of incest are even said to be common</b> and shouldn’t bring you
much alarm.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">These dreams could just be results</b> of deep appreciation for a relative,
not a crush (6).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Thankfully, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">in a study it was found that we are not
attracted to people who look like ourselves (8)</b>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://evolutionaryanthropology.files.wordpress.com/2008/05/cousinmarriage.png?w=500" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="200" src="http://evolutionaryanthropology.files.wordpress.com/2008/05/cousinmarriage.png?w=500" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Statistics</td></tr>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggvlh3uU2KJH6TVsHSxT9KULCChQ7ZXd1ZHTKW_wNz9vhR-3mSUjNdK-HCJh_fXeDFG9p6GUIVUNFmelRtCBi6jtWpLGoqTeuVitcu-SJsn57RErf4d4SdRZQISCOwgbOGjw5zHNdUvgw/s1600/more+stats.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="246" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggvlh3uU2KJH6TVsHSxT9KULCChQ7ZXd1ZHTKW_wNz9vhR-3mSUjNdK-HCJh_fXeDFG9p6GUIVUNFmelRtCBi6jtWpLGoqTeuVitcu-SJsn57RErf4d4SdRZQISCOwgbOGjw5zHNdUvgw/s320/more+stats.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: large;"><strong>Charles Darwin’s Marriage<o:p></o:p></strong></span></span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.wired.com/images_blogs/wiredscience/images/2008/12/22/charlesandemma.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="167" src="http://www.wired.com/images_blogs/wiredscience/images/2008/12/22/charlesandemma.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Charles Darwin and his wife</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Like Poe, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Charles
Darwin is also another candidate of marrying a first cousin, Emma Hedgewood</b>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is been discussed that <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">he may have also a product of this</b>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Charles’s children <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">fell sick very often</b>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Charles
thought <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">that maybe this was actually due
to the inbreeding</b>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His daughter A<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">nne was a result of being ill and died
during her childhood</b>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Inbreeding has
occurred long before the date of <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">1860</b>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However, it wasn’t until then that <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">scientific studies were made showing that
inbreeding</b> actually had harmful effects.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Charles, being concerned for his children as well as his own life, went
on to <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">study this as well</b>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A study, on <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">inbreeding in Scotland</b>, concluded that <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">44 percent of children of incest</b> were mentally impaired and that <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">six percent were deaf</b>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Others argue that there is <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">always the risk</b> of having a child with
a mutation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It has been concluded,
though, that inbreeding with family members has <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">doubled the risks (2).<o:p></o:p></b></span><br />
<br />
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Sources<br />
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edgar_Allan_Poe">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edgar_Allan_Poe</a> (1) </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><a href="http://newhumanist.org.uk/2133/kissing-cousins">http://newhumanist.org.uk/2133/kissing-cousins</a> (2) </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><a href="http://www.nytimes.com/1997/03/30/weekinreview/incest-as-a-selling-point.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm">http://www.nytimes.com/1997/03/30/weekinreview/incest-as-a-selling-point.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm</a>
(3)<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><a href="http://www.faqs.org/childhood/In-Ke/Incest.html">http://www.faqs.org/childhood/In-Ke/Incest.html</a> (4) </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><a href="http://www.rationalskepticism.org/social-sciences/just-how-common-is-incest-t9841.html">http://www.rationalskepticism.org/social-sciences/just-how-common-is-incest-t9841.html</a>
(5) </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><a href="http://marriage-equality.blogspot.com/2011/12/frequently-asked-question-how-common-is.html">http://marriage-equality.blogspot.com/2011/12/frequently-asked-question-how-common-is.html</a>
(6) </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><a href="http://listverse.com/2008/07/20/10-famous-people-who-married-their-cousins/">http://listverse.com/2008/07/20/10-famous-people-who-married-their-cousins/</a>
(7) </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dl3da490MTY">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dl3da490MTY</a> (8) </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Photos<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><a href="http://www.wired.com/images_blogs/wiredscience/images/2008/12/22/charlesandemma.jpg">http://www.wired.com/images_blogs/wiredscience/images/2008/12/22/charlesandemma.jpg</a><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><a href="http://muirmiddle.enschool.org/album/users/54687/57058/82028.jpg">http://muirmiddle.enschool.org/album/users/54687/57058/82028.jpg</a><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><a href="http://hbdchick.files.wordpress.com/2011/06/mbd-marriage.jpg">http://hbdchick.files.wordpress.com/2011/06/mbd-marriage.jpg</a><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><a href="http://evolutionaryanthropology.files.wordpress.com/2008/05/cousinmarriage.png?w=500">http://evolutionaryanthropology.files.wordpress.com/2008/05/cousinmarriage.png?w=500</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>Elizabeth Princehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16060318034944121797noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7892515595735505450.post-53891447126403748732012-03-07T07:10:00.001-08:002012-03-07T08:34:18.783-08:00What were two early forms of slavery?<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;">What were two early forms of slavery?</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Slavery<strong> </strong> has been noted in <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">many civilizations</b> in Europe and America.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Even today, it continues to exist even though it is<strong> illegal</strong>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Some view the relationship
between bankers and those in monetary debt as a slave system.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The people who are in debt slave over paying
it back and give up their processions to do so. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Sex
slaves</b> are still present in all countries, mainly in Asia.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Corrupt parents may sell their child into
this type of slavery for money against the child’s will.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It has almost been described as human
nature, however how sad it may be, to want to have complete power over other
humans to the point of serfdom.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> T</span>he most talked about is the form of manual labor.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This type of slavery can be found in ancient
Rome and in the Aztec empire (1).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Slavery in ancient
Rome was viewed at as <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">natural</b>, and
was <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">never questioned</b> by anyone as
being wrong (6).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Slaves, like many
others, in <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Rome were used for farming on
plantations</b>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The amount of slaves in
Rome was roughly about <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">25% to 40%
percent, which equaled the amount of freedmen (7)</b>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Slaves consisted often of <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">prisoners of war</b> (8)(7), or <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">unwanted children</b> (6), and were taken
just because of simple greediness.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
Roman belief is that <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">slaves were living
dead</b>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They were considered dead, but
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">were spared from actually dying (6)</b>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Therefore they did not have worth.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Even though <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">race did not play a big part in slavery, it did play a role in which
task a certain slave was assigned</b>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Barbarian slaves</b> were often assigned
tasks that required a lot of <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">strength
and endurance</b>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">master of the household determined how a
slave would be treated (7)</b>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Slaves,
who were treated the most poorly, consisted of those who worked in <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">mines (6)(8).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></b>Some slaves were even privileged enough
to be considered part of their <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">master’s
family</b> and been seen as a pet (7).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Slaves could also be socially reborn into higher stature (6).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Slavery played a
large role in the Aztec culture as well.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The Aztec class system was divided into three parts:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">emperor
on top</b> of the class pyramid, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">priests
and nobles</b> in the middle of the pyramid, and <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">merchants, craftsmen and servants</b> at the very bottom (2).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Unlike in America, slavery did not
discriminate into one race.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Most Aztec
slaves, who wore very <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">little clothing</b>
(5), were <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">criminals </b>who were being
punishment.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Other slaves were just so <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">poor (2)(4)</b> that they did it just to
keep food in their mouths.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Another
percentage of slaves were just <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">captured
or in debt (3)(4)</b>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Aztec slaves
commonly had to <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">harvest corn (3) </b>and
farm.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Unlike African American slavery in
America, Aztec slaves were granted <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">marriage</b>
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">and possession of property (2)</b>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Slaves could also have <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">children</b> and not worry about them being enslaved as well (2) (4).
Slaves that did not do good work or were hated by their masters would be
sold.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Before the slave could go to
market, they would have to <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">be publicly
beaten three times</b>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(2).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://t3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQnuLXSiDC1RrBGRZTqJ5lHLDI6j-hlvui6m4xngZ2flacb-ccV" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="200" src="http://t3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQnuLXSiDC1RrBGRZTqJ5lHLDI6j-hlvui6m4xngZ2flacb-ccV" width="176" /></a></td></tr>
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<span style="font-size: large;">Sources</span></div>
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<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery"><span style="color: blue; font-family: Calibri;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery</span></a><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><strong>Aztec Slavery</strong></span><br />
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<a href="http://www.localhistories.org/aztec.html"><span style="color: blue; font-family: Calibri;">http://www.localhistories.org/aztec.html</span></a><o:p></o:p></div>
<a href="http://www.allabouthistory.org/aztec-civilization.htm"><span style="color: blue; font-family: Calibri;">http://www.allabouthistory.org/aztec-civilization.htm</span></a><o:p></o:p><br />
<a href="http://slaveryinjustice.wordpress.com/slavery-in-ancient-aztec-mayan-and-inca/"><span style="color: blue; font-family: Calibri;">http://slaveryinjustice.wordpress.com/slavery-in-ancient-aztec-mayan-and-inca/</span></a><o:p></o:p><br />
<a href="http://www.angelfire.com/az/atid410/"><span style="color: blue; font-family: Calibri;">http://www.angelfire.com/az/atid410/</span></a><o:p></o:p><br />
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><strong>Roman Slavery<o:p></o:p></strong></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GvB6X_4Ilu4<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><a href="http://www.unrv.com/culture/roman-slavery.php">http://www.unrv.com/culture/roman-slavery.php</a><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><a href="http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/roman_slaves.htm">http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/roman_slaves.htm</a><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><strong>Pictures<o:p></o:p></strong></span><br />
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<a href="http://www.richeast.org/htwm/Greeks/Romans/slavery/slave.gif"><span style="color: blue; font-family: Calibri;">http://www.richeast.org/htwm/Greeks/Romans/slavery/slave.gif</span></a><o:p></o:p></div>
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><a href="http://clio.missouristate.edu/chuchiak/New%20Webpage%20Images/Slaves1.gif">http://clio.missouristate.edu/chuchiak/New%20Webpage%20Images/Slaves1.gif</a><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><a href="http://t3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQnuLXSiDC1RrBGRZTqJ5lHLDI6j-hlvui6m4xngZ2flacb-ccV">http://t3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQnuLXSiDC1RrBGRZTqJ5lHLDI6j-hlvui6m4xngZ2flacb-ccV</a><o:p></o:p></span>Elizabeth Princehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16060318034944121797noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7892515595735505450.post-63359836477992908612012-02-28T18:42:00.003-08:002012-02-28T19:55:22.734-08:00What symbolism does Irving use in Rip Van Winkle and Legend of Sleepy Hollow?<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.youtube.com/embed/fWygOBIDBHw?feature=player_embedded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div>
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From generation to generation, Washington Irving has been a favorite in American Literature. He was credited with being the first to use Gothic themes as well as <strong>describe American geography perfectly (4)</strong>. We must admit that when we read <em>Rip Van Winkle</em> and the<em> Legend of Sleepy Hollow</em>, we get an eerie feeling and begin to realize we are glued to our seats. We bite our nails with each sentence we read and wonder what will happen next. Washington Irving creates this reaction by many important literature elements, such as symbolism. <strong> (Both stories are basely found on Dutch culture, which was true since New York was a Dutch colony (6)).</strong><br />
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<a href="http://i1.squidoocdn.com/resize/squidoo_images/-1/lens14111391_1287932563headless-horseman-of-slee" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="180" src="http://i1.squidoocdn.com/resize/squidoo_images/-1/lens14111391_1287932563headless-horseman-of-slee" width="200" /></a>The Legend of Sleepy Hollow is a tale that can be associated with evil, terror, and the triumph of hero versus villain. <strong>It also has a very superstitious theme (3)</strong>. This story is often read on Halloween since it is importantly a ghost story. Symbolism can be seen within the two main characters of Ichabod Crain and his love Katrina. Throughout the story Ichabod is constantly trying to find his "other half", Katrina. He is intelligent and holds the profession of schoolteacher. <strong>Therefore, one could say that Ichabod would resemble the opposite Headless Horsemen; he had a head, but not the body (2). </strong>He could also be compared by <strong>his awkward appearance and high ego.</strong> This would also resemble Ichabod's missing body. In the battle of the Headless Horsemen, both Ichabod and the horsemen struggle. This could be because each are wanting the body part that they are missing. </div>
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In the classic tale of Rip Van Winkle, symbolism plays a big role. Rip Van Winkle's tale can be divided into two main parts: <strong>Pre-Revolution, and Post-Revolution</strong>. <span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Irving
describes in this story the land before the war and after</b>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He implies that there is a huge comparison
which leads Rip, surprised, to know he is in another time. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This could symbolize the American’s view on
their new home<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They are seeing their land through different
eyes due to the hard battle they have faced </b>(4).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span> Rip's wife seems to be put into play by another symbol. The irony is that the two are married yet Rip seems to loathe her beyond belief. One could compare this to America's relationship with England before the revolution. Though some colonists were bound to England because it was their homeland, they loathed the taxes and treatment that England gave them. Some fictional symbols are how Rip describes the mountains. <strong>He describes them as "far down, deep, wild, and lonely"</strong>. Rip in the story could be described as this as well as a drunkard <strong>who always puts another before his family (1). Rip, upon wakening, also spots an eagle. This symbolizes the freedom that America has gained (5). </strong> <br />
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Sources:<br />
<a href="http://www.123helpme.com/view.asp?id=18848">http://www.123helpme.com/view.asp?id=18848</a><br />
<a href="http://stringacademy.org/sleepyhollow1.htm">http://stringacademy.org/sleepyhollow1.htm</a><br />
<a href="http://www.teacherweb.com/SC/BuistAcademy/MargaretGatch/litanalysispaper.pdf">http://www.teacherweb.com/SC/BuistAcademy/MargaretGatch/litanalysispaper.pdf</a><br />
<a href="http://www.nbu.bg/webs/amb/students/IKirov.htm">http://www.nbu.bg/webs/amb/students/IKirov.htm</a><br />
<a href="http://www.americangothic.narod.ru/rip.htm">http://www.americangothic.narod.ru/rip.htm</a><br />
<a href="http://www.enotes.com/legend-sleepy-hollow-reference/legend-sleepy-hollow">http://www.enotes.com/legend-sleepy-hollow-reference/legend-sleepy-hollow</a><br />
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Video<br />
<a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fWygOBIDBHw&feature=related">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fWygOBIDBHw&feature=related</a><br />
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Pictures<br />
<a href="http://gotham07.cleardev.com/c/files/irving_w1.jpg">http://gotham07.cleardev.com/c/files/irving_w1.jpg</a><br />
<a href="http://i1.squidoocdn.com/resize/squidoo_images/-1/lens14111391_1287932563headless-horseman-of-slee">http://i1.squidoocdn.com/resize/squidoo_images/-1/lens14111391_1287932563headless-horseman-of-slee</a><br />
<a href="http://www.uccca.com/images/ripVanWinkle.jpg">http://www.uccca.com/images/ripVanWinkle.jpg</a><br />
<a href="http://www.wissar.org/images/ARTitle.jpg">http://www.wissar.org/images/ARTitle.jpg</a>Elizabeth Princehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16060318034944121797noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7892515595735505450.post-17829792759323608282012-02-22T12:48:00.000-08:002012-02-22T13:26:12.960-08:00What roles did white women play in the 19th century?<div style="text-align: center;">
<strong><span style="font-size: x-large;">What roles did women play in the 19th Century?</span></strong></div>
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by Elizabeth Prince</div>
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Women in the 19th century were not granted many rights. This idea is made clear in Margaret Fuller's, <em>The Great Lawsuit</em>, which raised great awareness of how women were being unfairly treated throughout the 19th century. <strong>They were seen as inferior to the male race</strong>, <strong>(1,5)</strong> and could not publicly speak or were not really allowed to have an opinion on anything political. A young woman was treated usually no more or no less than an object, or<strong> property (1,5)</strong> to a man. Women were usually not allowed to be ministers, vote, own property, or own any personal possessions. Anything that "belonged" to the <strong>woman was actually in her husband's name (1).</strong> It was very seldom that women even received a higher education if they finished high school. During the 19th century, women were usually to fulfill one of two type roles: become a housewife, or work in the factory.</div>
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<strong><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">Housewife</span></strong> </div>
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Middle class women during the early 19th century were really given one option, being housewifes. These women were <strong>not allowed to work, and spent much of their time knitting and sewing </strong>clothes for themselves, their husbands, and their children. A middle-class woman was often <strong>taught to read, write, and do arithmetic</strong>. Sometimes, if the woman was lucky she would also be taught a <strong>foreign language or history</strong> as well <strong>(1)</strong>. <strong>Cooking</strong> was a constant hassel as well for a woman. She would have to prepare everything by hand and make three meals a day<strong> (2</strong>). The cooking was done on a coal stove and was very difficult. <strong>House chores</strong> were to be performed if no maid was present <strong>(6).</strong> Women would also have to take <strong>care of children</strong> and teach their daughters their housewife duties <strong>(5).</strong></div>
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<strong>Factory Worker</strong> </div>
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Many women during the 19th century worked in factories just so they could provide their families with daily, or even an every other day, meal. Commonly, these women would work in clothing factories, working sewing machines all day long without breaks. Women would work in very hazardous conditions and often prick these fingers or even lose them from the machines. <strong>By 1850, fifteen percent of American women held jobs. Factory owners would often hire the women</strong> just so they could give the women <strong>lower pay </strong>and save money to buy utensils <strong>(2</strong>). Sometimes they would even do this just so they, the owners, would have more money for themselves. One example of a large factory where women could work is the <strong>Lowell Textile Mill</strong>, which employed around <strong>10,000 women (4).</strong></div>
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<strong>Other Positions</strong><br />
If a woman was not a factory worker or housewife, she was most likely a <strong>seamstress, nurse, or laundress. </strong>These would have been the<strong> higher paying positions. If a woman was in the upper class rank, she would help raise a plantation (4).</strong><br />
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Important Women</div>
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<strong>Women's rights</strong></div>
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One of the most important women during this time frame was Susan B. Anthony. With the help of the <strong>National Woman's Suffrage Association, women earned the 15th amendment</strong>. The war against men and women had finally began to end and women could now vote <strong>(5).</strong></div>
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Pictures</div>
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<a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Immigrant.women.in.hats.png/800px-Immigrant.women.in.hats.png">http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Immigrant.women.in.hats.png/800px-Immigrant.women.in.hats.png</a></div>
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<a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/55915010@N00/5147106156/">http://www.flickr.com/photos/55915010@N00/5147106156/</a></div>
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<a href="http://t0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQfgJP9Vy0-ilG5xWCkXQBjRFA_NMvPNkRB1oJrAjmqMU1AOTBCohNAXPqC1g">http://t0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQfgJP9Vy0-ilG5xWCkXQBjRFA_NMvPNkRB1oJrAjmqMU1AOTBCohNAXPqC1g</a></div>
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<a href="http://www.americanswhotellthetruth.org/images/portraits/susan_b_anthony.jpg">http://www.americanswhotellthetruth.org/images/portraits/susan_b_anthony.jpg</a></div>
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Written Sources</div>
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<a href="http://www.hastingspress.co.uk/history/19/taylor.htm"><span style="color: blue; font-family: Calibri;">http://www.hastingspress.co.uk/history/19/taylor.htm</span></a><o:p></o:p></div>
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<a href="http://womenshistory.about.com/od/worklaborunions/a/early_america.htm"><span style="color: blue; font-family: Calibri;">http://womenshistory.about.com/od/worklaborunions/a/early_america.htm</span></a><o:p></o:p></div>
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h<a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dBvnYFfoY4M"><span style="color: blue; font-family: Calibri;">ttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dBvnYFfoY4M</span></a><o:p></o:p></div>
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<a href="http://womeninushistory.tripod.com/"><span style="color: blue; font-family: Calibri;">http://womeninushistory.tripod.com/</span></a><o:p></o:p></div>
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<a href="http://www.wic.org/misc/history.htm"><span style="color: blue; font-family: Calibri;">http://www.wic.org/misc/history.htm</span></a><o:p></o:p></div>
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<a href="http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/historyonline/housework.cfm"><span style="color: blue; font-family: Calibri;">http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/historyonline/housework.cfm</span></a><o:p></o:p></div>
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</div>Elizabeth Princehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16060318034944121797noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7892515595735505450.post-20453677584885231652012-02-14T20:51:00.001-08:002012-02-15T05:16:16.841-08:00What kind of impact did Thomas Paine have on the American Revolution? - Elizabeth Prince<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://students.nebrwesleyan.edu/students/mguinan/Paine.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://students.nebrwesleyan.edu/students/mguinan/Paine.jpg" width="243" /></a></div>
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The date was 1783 and the hope for independence filled minds of thousands of newly named "Americans". It was not long until they recieved news that the war was over and that they were no longer Great Britian's citizens. Tears of happiness spread throughout the colonies, for there were no more high tariffs to be paid and everyone could finally live by their own rules. All those brave soldiers had finally claimed what they deserved, freedom. This year marked one of the most important days of our country's history and is still celebrated today. This event was the ending of The American Revolution. But who could have had such a great influence of these people to persuade them to fight against their own neighbors, family, and friends? The answer is the writer Thomas Paine.<br />
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Thomas Paine was not aware of what <em>Common Sense</em> would become while writing it. <strong>It was written on January 10, 1776 and had a large number of 600,000 copies in America.</strong> <strong>Almost one third of the population had read or came in contact with this book</strong>. (3) <strong>It was published anonymously</strong> in the fear that Paine could possibly get beheaded for writing such a treasonable thing. For many it became an anthem of the problems America was facing with Great Britian. It was stated by <strong>"Covenant People" that Common Sense was "by far the most influential tract of the American Revolution....it remains one of the most brilliant pamphlets ever written in the English language."</strong> <strong>It gave them motivation to do something</strong> about what was happening rather than to just sit back and take it. (4) It was written in an <strong>easy format</strong> and instead of "fancy" or "flowery" words, it was not hard to read. It was written to apply to anyone who wanted to read it no matter of class. (2) The book was <strong>79-pages </strong>long and it's purposed was to <strong>question English monarchy and the English Parliament. </strong>In regards to the monarch, Paine stated that <strong>"</strong><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><strong>For all men being originally equals, no one by birth could have a right to set up his own family in perpetual preference to all others forever.” (6) </strong>He claimed that the king was <strong>not trustworthy and that Americans should keep a watchful eye over his actions</strong>. (1)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This book told how to fix things, and claimed that the English were "<strong>harmful to Americans</strong>". It named all the pros of breaking apart from England.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span>This book has been deemed the "spark" of the Revolution. <strong>It's vital success gave rise to the "Declaration of Independence" which was written six months later</strong> (5).</span><br />
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Not only did Thomas Paine write, he was also a soldier in <strong>Washington's army and contributed to the war effort. He quit school at an early age of thirteen and held various jobs. However, his big break came when Benjamin Franklin encouraged Paine to come to America. </strong>Taking his advice, he did. He <strong>wrote for the Pennsylvania Press and later become editor </strong>and discovered that he had talent and that writing was his muse<strong>.</strong> No matter his success<strong>, Paine died lonely, however, shunned away. He had roughly six people attend his funeral (5).</strong><br />
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Resources:<br />
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<a href="http://www.connecticutsar.org/patriots/paine_thomas.htm">http://www.connecticutsar.org/patriots/paine_thomas.htm</a><br />
<a href="http://library.thinkquest.org/TQ0312848/tpaine.htm">http://library.thinkquest.org/TQ0312848/tpaine.htm</a><br />
<a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i3kTkeUOSEk">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i3kTkeUOSEk</a><br />
<a href="http://www.earlyamerica.com/earlyamerica/milestones/commonsense/">http://www.earlyamerica.com/earlyamerica/milestones/commonsense/</a><br />
<a href="http://www.revolutionarywararchives.org/commonsense.html">http://www.revolutionarywararchives.org/commonsense.html</a><br />
<a href="http://www.netplaces.com/american-revolution/the-decision-for-independence/thomas-paine-and-common-sense.htm">http://www.netplaces.com/american-revolution/the-decision-for-independence/thomas-paine-and-common-sense.htm</a><br />
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Pictures<br />
<a href="http://students.nebrwesleyan.edu/students/mguinan/Paine.jpg">http://students.nebrwesleyan.edu/students/mguinan/Paine.jpg</a><br />
<a href="http://www.aljazeera.com/mritems/Images/2011/3/7/20113714026398876_20.jpg">http://www.aljazeera.com/mritems/Images/2011/3/7/20113714026398876_20.jpg</a><br />
<br />Elizabeth Princehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16060318034944121797noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7892515595735505450.post-54689780629297173422012-02-07T23:20:00.000-08:002012-02-08T06:21:00.562-08:00What was Jonathan Edward’s wife like? - Elizabeth Prince<br />
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<img height="200" id="il_fi" src="http://word4women.files.wordpress.com/2010/03/sarah-pierrepont-edwards.jpg" style="padding-bottom: 8px; padding-right: 8px; padding-top: 8px;" width="158" /></div>
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><strong>What was Jonathan
Edward’s wife like?<o:p></o:p></strong></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Since the mid 1700’s Jonathan
Edwards has been seen as a man of great moral, and an astounding preacher.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In modern day schools, works such as “Sinners
in the Hands of an Angry God” are still read and seen as amazing words of
literature.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>While males analyze Edward’s
works, we women often wonder about the husband’s backbone, the wife, who keeps
him standing and supports him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We ponder
over topics such as what was her role in his life? How did she deal with his
radical position in religion?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This is
almost always the case for women and has been done with great figures
throughout history.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We women seem to
worship the wives of historical figures, such as Michelle Obama and Jacqueline
Kennedy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We are always trying to imitate
their mannerisms and the way they dress.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>So who was the wife of Jonathan Edward’s exactly, and what exactly did
she do?</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><o:p><em>Biography<o:p></o:p></em></o:p></span></div>
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Sarah Edwards, born of the maiden name <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Pierpont</b>, was born during the date of <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">1710 in New Haven, Connecticut.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></b>Her
profession, like her husband, was writing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Unfortunately for her, the only thing <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">she is really known for was a narrative she wrote about mystical events</b>
she experienced with her husband.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This was
lost in time. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Sarah came from many generations of preachers</b> and was a very
religious girl herself, more so than the norm (1).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Jonathan Edwards later stated that this is
the reason <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">he fell in love</b> with her
and ended up marrying her (7).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sarah
Edwards was <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">also one of the founders of
Yale University and inspired much of its building </b>(2). Sadly, not much
information can be found about the life, or is known, of this amazing woman
except for in her husband’s writings.<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><o:p></o:p></b></div>
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Sarah and Jonathan married when she was <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">only seventeen</b>, and met when she was <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">thirteen</b>. He was several years older than her (6)(8).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The two were madly in love and Jonathan
viewed her as a <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">spiritual goddess</b>, often
writing of her beauty.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sarah was
described to <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">praise upon her husband</b>
often (6).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They had ten children, having
only one that died early, that made it to adulthood (3).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Almost everyone during the time viewed the
couple as a modern day Romeo and Juliet.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Sarah had a reputation of being a “<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Proverbs
31</b>” woman (8). However, sometimes Sarah was very frightened of her husband
due to his family past and imagined him <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">beating
her</b> if she were ungodly (6).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Sarah had an expensive taste in clothing</b>
(7), which contributed to her husband’s anger often.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>
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<em>Criticisms</em> <o:p></o:p></div>
Like most writers, Sarah Edwards received several criticisms from her works.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Her letters stated that during her husband’s congregations she would have <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">mystical encounters</b>. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(1) These encounters included <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">leaping from her chair </b>and <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">fainting</b> (5). Edwards was seen as making this up for the sake of her husband to prove his worth as a preacher in the society there were living in.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In other light, she was seen as doing it for the sole purpose of attention because she was jealous of all the attention her husband was getting.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She was said to be copy-catting the idea from <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Benny Hinn</b>and was questioned just about how true her experiences were (4).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Besides being insulting, Edwards has also been praised.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Many women, even today, view her as a true role model and she is the topic of many biblical sermons (3).</div>
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Sources</div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">(1)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span></span><a href="http://www.enotes.com/sarah-pierpont-edwards-criticism/edwards-sarah-pierpont"><span style="color: blue; font-family: Calibri; font-size: x-small;">http://www.enotes.com/sarah-pierpont-edwards-criticism/edwards-sarah-pierpont</span></a><o:p></o:p></div>
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> (2)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
<a href="http://www.librarycompany.org/women/portraits_religion/edwards.htm"><span style="color: blue; font-family: Calibri; font-size: x-small;">http://www.librarycompany.org/women/portraits_religion/edwards.htm</span></a></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> (3)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span></span><a href="http://mustardseedsisters.wordpress.com/2008/01/16/the-life-of-sarah-edwards-growing-in-godliness/"><span style="color: blue; font-family: Calibri; font-size: x-small;">http://mustardseedsisters.wordpress.com/2008/01/16/the-life-of-sarah-edwards-growing-in-godliness/</span></a><o:p></o:p><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> (4)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span></span><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DhiDfD1S5ww&feature=results_video&playnext=1&list=PL2E1593030529F240"><span style="color: blue; font-family: Calibri; font-size: x-small;">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DhiDfD1S5ww&feature=results_video&playnext=1&list=PL2E1593030529F240</span></a><o:p></o:p><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> (5)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span></span><a href="http://www.pastornet.net.au/renewal/journal14/14c%20Chant.htm"><span style="color: blue; font-family: Calibri; font-size: x-small;">http://www.pastornet.net.au/renewal/journal14/14c%20Chant.htm</span></a><o:p></o:p><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> (6)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span></span><a href="http://edwards.yale.edu/research/about-edwards/family-life"><span style="color: blue; font-family: Calibri; font-size: x-small;">http://edwards.yale.edu/research/about-edwards/family-life</span></a><o:p></o:p><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> (7)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span></span><a href="http://www.christianity.com/ChurchHistory/11630206/"><span style="color: blue; font-family: Calibri; font-size: x-small;">http://www.christianity.com/ChurchHistory/11630206/</span></a><o:p></o:p><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> (8)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">http://thealabasterjar-book.com/Testimonies/S_Edwards1.html<o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"> Pictures<o:p></o:p></span><br />
(1)http://word4women.files.wordpress.com/2010/03/sarah-pierrepont-edwards.jpg<br />
(2)http://edwards.yale.edu/images/edwards_family.gif</div>Elizabeth Princehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16060318034944121797noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7892515595735505450.post-82151552202508515332012-01-31T19:35:00.000-08:002012-01-31T19:35:43.162-08:00What was small pox and how did it affect people like Anne Bradstreet?<div style="text-align: center;">
<strong><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">What was small pox and how did it affect people like Anne Bradstreet?<o:p></o:p></span></span></strong></div>
<br />
<strong>Resources</strong><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002332/"><span style="color: blue; font-family: Calibri;">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002332/</span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;">
Pubmed Health</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<a href="http://kidshealth.org/kid/health_problems/infection/smallpox.html"><span style="color: blue; font-family: Calibri;">http://kidshealth.org/kid/health_problems/infection/smallpox.html</span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;">
Kidshealth<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bdIjKIMtoac"><span style="color: blue; font-family: Calibri;">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bdIjKIMtoac</span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;">
Photos of smallpox patients</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smallpox"><span style="color: blue; font-family: Calibri;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smallpox</span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;">
Wikipedia<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<a href="http://science.nationalgeographic.com/science/health-and-human-body/human-diseases/smallpox-article/"><span style="color: blue; font-family: Calibri;">http://science.nationalgeographic.com/science/health-and-human-body/human-diseases/smallpox-article/</span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>National Geographic<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> Smallpox, one of the most deadly diseases in the world, was very common
in the 18<sup><span style="font-size: x-small;">th</span></sup> to 20<sup><span style="font-size: x-small;">th</span></sup> century.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The disease traces its roots from long ago, “the
first case found” in the Egyptian period.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Smallpox has been mentioned in stories of Indians as well as several in
the bible.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It has been compared to the Bubonic
plague, and had a very high mortality rate during the time of "thirty percent".<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Many people came into contact with the disease
during this time.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Smallpox could be transferred
from person to person very easily.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It
was proved to be spread by “saliva, bed sheets, and articles of clothing”. It
could spread within “six feet” of contact with an infected person.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As long as the infected person had the
painful rash, he or she was considered contagious and was forced to stay in bed
to rest.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Many important historical
figures came down with the diseases such as the Egyptian, Ramses V, a few
monarchs, and our very own Anne Bradstreet. <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">The symptoms of smallpox were very distinct.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The victim would develop large bumps that
could appear anywhere on the skin.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
most common areas were the face and trunk of the body.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>These bumps would then blister, and
eventually scab over and fall off.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Smallpox could do permanent damage to the face such as severe scarring
and cause mutations.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The symptoms would
generally occur within “twelve to fourteen days” after the person had come into
contact.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Other symptoms of the disease included
“a fever above 101 degrees F, headache, vomiting, backaches, diarrhea and
vomiting”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>People who came down with the
smallpox would also face “respiratory” problems as well.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Smallpox could take shape into two common forms, “Variola major and Variola
minor”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Variola major, as you can tell
from the word “major”, was the most devastating.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Variola minor often was curable and
eventually went away.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Variola minor only
killed about “one percent” of the infected people.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Two other, rarer types of the disease were “hemorrhagic
and malignant” which almost always resulted in death.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If I were to take a guess, it would be
that Anne Bradstreet developed the Variola minor form since she lived.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Eventually, the “World Health Organization” created a vaccine that
would end the smallpox disease.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Because
of this breakthrough in the treatment and prevention of smallpox, the last case
ended in the 1977.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Despite the
extinction of this disease, it has been rumored that in some laboratory, a
small vial of it is kept.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The American
government, as well as the governments in other countries, is fearful that it
could be used as a “weapon” and could come back to haunt us in the future.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However, the chance is coming in contact is
extremely low and should not be feared.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The chance of dying in a car wreck, getting attacked by a shark, dying
in a fire, or being in a plane crash are on the optimistic side much higher. <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>Elizabeth Princehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16060318034944121797noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7892515595735505450.post-30915533998720446962012-01-24T22:11:00.001-08:002012-01-25T00:01:23.000-08:00What were some of the common rituals held by Indians such as the "Powhatan" tribe?<a href="http://www.smithtrail.net/native-americans/tribes-and-culture.aspx">Who were the "Powhatan" and what was their relation with John Smith?</a><br />
<br />
We all know the adventures of John Smith, the famous explorer looking for wealth in the Americas. He was the same guy who supposedly "fell in love with Pocahontas". Who we may not know much about is Pocahontas, who was part of the "Powhatan" tribe. We also do not know much about her neighbors and the inhabitants that lived around her. Like most towns, Indian villages had political figures, great heroes, and women and men who had certain professions. However, what I find to be most intriguing and unfamiliar about Indian culture is the spiritual rituals they held. <br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5B3Abpv0ysM">National Geographic- "Girls Rite of Passage" Ritual</a><br />
<br />
One of the most important rituals held in Indian culture is the "Girls Rite of Passage" ritual. This ritual signifies a young girl who is entering adulthood as well as the hope that she will represent her community proudly. Before the ritual, the girl must choose a medicine woman. This woman will most likely help her deliver a baby in the future and tend to the girl when she is sick. This ceremony consists of large feasting and continuous dancing that usually lasts all night. The ritual is put into place with the "rising of the Morning Star". The girl is sprinkled with pollen and cannot smile or show any emotion. She experiences little to no sleep and hunger for she cannot eat. The girl and her friends must "circle a basket of pollen" four times and run toward the star. At last, the final day the girl is to dance and pray. Finally, now a young woman, she receives the tribal name and removes the clay mask.<br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.crystalinks.com/sundance.html">The "Sun Dance" Ritual</a> <br />
<br />
The "Sun Dance" was a common ritual that was used to renew Earth's natural valuable resources that the tribes relied on. The ritual created a fine line between birth and death. It was intended to show that there was life after dying. The dance took place during "Summer <span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Solstice</span>" and lasted for "eight days". Men were to find a tree with a "fork in the top" which was a symbol of an "eagle's nest", cut it down, and treat it as if it were a traitor. A buffalo was then tied to the wood, or pole, from the tree. The dancing then would begin.<br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.google.com/url?source=imglanding&ct=img&q=http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/WWsundance4.JPG&sa=X&ei=AK0fT5GNN8KEtgfZ5_zxBQ&ved=0CAsQ8wc&usg=AFQjCNHpL4QAic54SXJd91klIptchAbqjQ">Torture with the "Sun Dance</a>" <br />
<br />
Indians were known to harm themselves during the ritual. During the Sun Dance some unfortunate ones would suffer injuries, or even sometimes death. This was seen as an important part in the renewal process.<br />
<br />
"<a href="http://www.barefootsworld.net/sweatlodge.html">Sweat Lodge Ritual"</a><br />
<br />
The "Sweat Lodge" was the Indian's version of a sauna. Today, when we enter a sauna, we are usually only doing it to feel better or for relaxation. The Indians, though, used this for the ritual of cleansing themselves from European influence. A sweatlodge was a small bungalow built to the East that was built in front of a fireplace. The Indian was to first fast before entering the lodge and have avoided any <span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">alcohol</span> or bad influence. <br />
<br />
<br />
In conclusion, Indians had many rituals for many different occasions. The Indians had rituals for almost every situation they ran into in life.Elizabeth Princehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16060318034944121797noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7892515595735505450.post-81216414050892376472012-01-18T23:41:00.002-08:002012-01-20T08:24:55.230-08:00Introduction Blog EH 201- Elizabeth Prince<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Hello, fellow bloggers of my
American Literature Class, my name is Elizabeth Prince.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I attend Jacksonville State University and I
will be majoring in biology.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I have a
strong passion for poetry and writing which is why I have enlisted in this
course.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I am a part of the Delta Zeta
sorority, and it plays a very large role in my life.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I am the only child and I am from Tuscaloosa,
Alabama.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However, I am a huge Auburn fan
which is not always the best thing when I live in such a rival city.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I enjoy jet skiing as a past time activity, creating
beautiful works of art, singing, shopping, and white water rafting.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I am a person that enjoys nature, yet I am
very girly at the same time.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">If I absolutely had to pick my
favorite artist it would be between Lady Gaga and Adele.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I love both vocal styles, and both live
performances of each.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If I ever get
famous for music than I could only hope to be as great as both of them
combined.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I love all types of music:
blues, R&B, rap, hip & hop, metal (as well as any type of rock) and
country.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I do not discriminate between
any genres, for all of the artists in each are very passionate about what they
do.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">I am a very colorful and artsy
person.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A perfect day to me would be
going to an art museum.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Crafting is one
of the only things that keep me sane after a hard day.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>My favorite medium is pastels, because I love
working with bright colors.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I believe
decorating each object or room can really have a positive effect on your mood,
as well as others’ moods.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I also love
using black charcoal on white paper to create contrasting images.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">I believe that by the end of
each person’s lifetime, the world should be changed in some way.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Someone could change the world in music, art,
community service, or develop the cure for cancer.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Each person can do his or her part.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Helping others and giving back to the
community is something I strive for.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Selfishness will only get you so far in life, and will leave you with
nothing to be remembered by.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I believe
in living every day like it’s your last and pushing for goals no one thinks you
can reach.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Without big dreamers, many things
in our culture would fail to be in existence.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">In conclusion, I look forward to
this class and working with all of you.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>If you took the time to read all this, I commend you. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I really hope to learn as much from this class
as I can, and hope it will enlighten me for future use in my daily life.<o:p></o:p></span></div>Elizabeth Princehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16060318034944121797noreply@blogger.com0